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|langs = Only in Egypt spoken: Arabic Liturgical: Coptic (near-extinct but it is in a process to be revived among ethnic Copts) Diaspora: English and many others |rels = Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria }} Copts in Egypt may refer to people born in or residing in Egypt of full or partial Coptic origin. Coptic people are the largest ethno-religious minority in Egypt. The largest Coptic Christian group in Egypt is the Coptic Orthodox Church with a population 7,200,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Egypt from "U.S. Department of State/Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs" )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Egypt from "Foreign and Commonwealth Office" )〕〔(''Tour Egypt'' ). Feature Stories: Coptic Orthodox Christians. Accessed 10-13-2008.〕 and the second is the Coptic Catholic Church with a population 161,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt )〕〔http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat07.pdf〕〔〔(CNEWA – The Coptic Catholic Church )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Controversy in Egypt after a prominent church figure declared the number of Copts in Egypt exceeds 12 million )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pope Shenouda III declares to a TV station that the number of Copts in Egypt exceeds 12 million )〕〔(CNEWA – The Coptic Catholic Church )〕 Other estimates of the ethnic Coptic population within Egypt range between 9 to 15 million. ==History== Under Muslim rule, the ethnic Copts were cut off from the main stream of Christianity, but they were allowed to practice their religion unmolested. Their position improved dramatically under the rule of Muhammad Ali in the early 19th century. He abolished the Jizya (a tax on non-Muslims) and allowed ethnic Copts to enroll in the army. Pope Cyril IV, 1854–61, reformed the church and encouraged broader Coptic participation in Egyptian affairs. Khedive Isma'il Pasha, in power 1863–79, further promoted the Copts. He appointed them judges to Egyptian courts and awarded them political rights and representation in government. They flourished in business affairs.〔Todros, ch 3–4.〕 Some ethnic Copts participated in the Egyptian national movement for independence and occupied many influential positions. Two significant cultural achievements include the founding of the Coptic Museum in 1910 and the Higher Institute of Coptic Studies in 1954. Some prominent Coptic thinkers from this period are Salama Moussa, Louis Awad and Secretary General of the Wafd Party Makram Ebeid. In 1952, Gamal Abdel Nasser led some army officers in a coup d'état against King Farouk, which overthrew the Kingdom of Egypt and established a republic. Nasser's mainstream policy was pan-Arab nationalism and socialism. The ethnic Copts were severely affected by Nasser's nationalization policies, though they represented about 10–20% of the population. In addition, Nasser's pan-Arab policies undermined the Copts' strong attachment to and sense of identity about their Egyptian pre-Arab, and certainly non-Arab identity which resulted in permits to construct churches to be delayed along with Christian religious courts to be closed.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Copts in Egypt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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